Types of storage devices –Buses – RAID – Reliability, availability and dependability – I/O performance measures –Designing an I/O system. Symmetric and distributed shared memory architectures – Performance issues –Synchronization – Models of memory consistency – Introduction to Multithreading.Ĭache performance – Reducing cache miss penalty and miss rate – Reducing hit time –Main memory and performance – Memory technology. UNIT III MULTIPROCESSORS AND THREAD LEVEL PARALLELISM 9 VLIW & EPIC – Advanced compiler support – Hardware support for exposing parallelism – Hardware versus software speculation mechanisms – IA 64 and Itanium processors –Limits on ILP. Scheduling – Speculation - Compiler techniques for exposing ILP – Branch prediction. ILP – Concepts and challenges – Hardware and software approaches –Dynamic
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